IMatplotlib lithala leencwadi elinamandla lokucwangcisa elisetyenziswa kulwimi lwenkqubo yePython. Ibonelela nge-API ejolise kwizinto zokuzinzisa iiploti kwizicelo ezisebenzisa izixhobo ze-GUI zenjongo jikelele njenge Tkinter, wxPython, okanye Qt. Esinye sezixhobo ezibalulekileyo ezibonelelwe nguMatplotlib kukukwazi ukwenza isicwangciso sexesha lokuzithemba.
Ithuba lokuzithemba, njengegama leenkcukacha-manani, libhekisa kwiqondo lengqiniseko kwindlela yokwenza isampulu. Inqanaba lokuzithemba likuxelela ukuba ungaqiniseka kangakanani na, uchazwe njengepesenti. Umzekelo, i-99% inqanaba lokuzithemba licebisa ukuba uqikelelo lwakho ngalunye lokunokwenzeka lunokuba luchanekile ngama-99% exesha.
Ukudala iPlot yeThuba lokuZithemba usebenzisa iMatplotlib
Ukudala iyelenqe lexesha lokuzithemba kwiMatplotlib kubandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi. Makhe sijonge kwingcaciso yekhowudi yePython ehambelanayo ukuze sifezekise la manyathelo:
Okokuqala, kufuneka singenise ngaphandle amathala eencwadi ayimfuneko:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np from scipy.stats import sem, t from scipy import mean
Ngoku, sinokubala ixesha lokuzithemba ngokulandela la manyathelo.
1. Misela isethi yedatha engacwangciswanga esiya kubala yona ixesha lokuzithemba.
2. Bala intsingiselo kunye nemposiso eqhelekileyo yesethi yedatha.
3. Qinisekisa umda wempazamo ngexesha lokuzithemba.
4. Okokugqibela, bala uluhlu lwethuba lokuzithemba.
Nantsi ikhowudi yePython ehambelana nala manyathelo.
confidence = 0.95 data = np.random.rand(100) n = len(data) m = mean(data) std_err = sem(data) h = std_err * t.ppf((1 + confidence) / 2, n - 1) start = m - h end = m + h
Utshintsho 'lokuzithemba' linqanaba lokuzithemba elichazwe njengepesenti, kwaye 'idatha' iqulethe isethi yedatha engacwangciswanga. Intsingiselo kunye nemposiso esemgangathweni ibalwa ngu 'mean' kunye ne 'sem' umsebenzi welayibrari yeSciPy ngokulandelelanayo. Umda wemposiso 'h' umiselwa ngokuphinda-phinda imposiso eqhelekileyo ngamanqaku ka-t, esiwalanda kunikezelo luka-t sisebenzisa umsebenzi we-'ppf'. Okokugqibela, sibala uluhlu lwexesha lokuzithemba.
Ukucwangcisa iThuba lokuZithemba kwiMatplotlib
Kweli candelo lokugqibela lekhowudi, sisebenzisa iMatplotlib ukubona isithuba sokuzithemba.
plt.figure(figsize=(9,6))
plt.bar(np.arange(len(data)), data)
plt.fill_between(np.arange(len(data)), start, end, color='b', alpha=0.1)
plt.title('Confidence Interval')
plt.show()
Isebenzisa iploti yebar ukubonisa idatha kunye nendlela 'yokugcwalisa_phakathi' ukubonisa ixesha lokuzithemba. Umsebenzi 'womfanekiso' uqalisa umfanekiso omtsha kunye nomsebenzi 'womboniso' ubonisa iploti.
Ukudala isicwangciso sexesha lokuzithemba kwiMatplotlib yindlela efanelekileyo yokuhlalutya idatha yakho, ngakumbi idatha ebandakanya uhlalutyo lwamanani. Esi sixhobo esinamandla sinikezela indlela elula kwaye ecacileyo ukuveza idatha entsonkothileyo ngendlela enokutolikwa ngokulula, iyenze ibe yi-toolkit ebalulekileyo kuyo nayiphi na i-python data analysis okanye inzululwazi. Ngokuqonda indlela yokulawula nokusebenzisa oku, sinokwenza inkqubo yokutolika kwedatha isebenze ngakumbi kwaye ichaneke.
