- Uphuhliso lwesoftware luxhasa utshintsho lwedijithali kumashishini kwaye lubonelela ngemfuno ephezulu, imivuzo eqinileyo kunye neendlela zomsebenzi eziguquguqukayo.
- Uphuhliso olulungiselelwe wena kunye neendlela ezikhawulezayo nezilula zokusebenzisa ikhowudi zivumela amashishini ukuba alungelelanise isoftware ngokuqinileyo neenkqubo ezizodwa kwaye afumane inzuzo yokukhuphisana.
- Iindlela zanamhlanje kunye neendima—ukusuka kwi-Agile kunye ne-DevOps ukuya kwiinjineli ezikhethekileyo—zicwangcisa umjikelo wobomi bonke ukusuka ekucwangciseni ukuya ekugcinweni.
- Impendulo eyakhayo kunye nokufunda okuqhubekayo kubalulekile ekukhuleni kwabaphuhlisi, ukuphucula umgangatho wekhowudi kunye nokugcina amaqela asebenza kakuhle.
Uphuhliso lwesoftware luphambili kuqoqosho lwedijithali lwanamhlanje, inika amandla yonke into ukusuka kwiibhanki ezikwi-intanethi kunye namaqonga okusasaza ukuya kwi-logistics, ukhathalelo lwempilo kunye nokuhambahamba okukrelekrele. Ukuba wakha wazibuza ukuba ukwakha umsebenzi wophuhliso lwesoftware kusenengqiqo na, indlela eyenziwe ngayo isoftware eyenzelwe wena, okanye ubomi bemihla ngemihla bubonakala njani kubantu ababhala iikhowudi ngasemva kweziqendu, ukwindawo elungileyo kanye.
Esi sikhokelo sineenkcukacha ezininzi sidibanisa iimbono ezahlukeneyo malunga nophuhliso lwesoftware yanamhlanje: kutheni iqhubeka ikhula, indlela i-AI ebatshintsha ngayo (ingabathabathi indawo) abaphuhlisi, oko kuthethwa "kuphuhliso oluqhelekileyo", oko umphuhlisi akwenzayo imihla ngemihla, zeziphi iindima ezikhoyo kumaqela etekhnoloji, kunye nendlela ubomi besoftware obupheleleyo obusebenza ngayo ukusuka kwingcamango ukuya kulondolozo. Endleleni, uza kubona nendlela impendulo, iindlela ze-agile kunye nezixhobo zekhowudi ephantsi ezitshintsha ngayo indlela isoftware eyakhiwe ngayo kwiinkampani zokwenyani.
Kutheni uphuhliso lwesoftware lusabalulekile kangaka?
Siphila kwihlabathi elinonxibelelwano olukhulu apho phantse yonke into eyenziwa imihla ngemihla ixhomekeke kwisoftware: ukujonga ifowuni yakho xa uvuka, uku-odola ukutya nge-app, ukuhlawula amatyala kwi-intanethi, ukujoyina umnxeba wevidiyo okanye ukulandelela iphakheji. Emva kwala mava kukho iqela labaphuhlisi abaguqulele iimfuno zoshishino kunye neengxaki zomsebenzisi kwimigca yekhowudi.
Ngokwembono yemarike, uphuhliso lwesoftware luyaqhubeka nokukhula endaweni yokucothaIzifundo zehlabathi ziqikelela ukuba uphuhliso lwesoftware kunye nemarike yeenkonzo ezinxulumene noko iya kufikelela kumakhulu eebhiliyoni zeerandi, ngelixa icandelo lophuhliso lwezicelo zodwa liqikelelwa ukuba liza kudlula uphawu lweebhiliyoni ezingama-500 zeerandi. Oko kukhula kuqhutywa kukusetyenziswa kwedijithali kumacandelo afana nemfundo, ezempilo, ezezimali, urhwebo lwe-elektroniki, ukuvelisa kunye nokuhambahamba.
Kwiinkampani, isoftware isuke ekubeni sisixhobo sokuxhasa yaya ekubeni yinto eyahlulahlulayo ngokweqhingaAmashishini awasasebenzisi nje isoftware; ayakha okanye ayenze ngokwezifiso ukuze azenzele ngokuzenzekelayo iinkqubo, anikezele ngeemveliso ezintsha zedijithali, enze amava omsebenzisi abe ngawethu kwaye aphendule ngokukhawuleza kutshintsho. Ukuba ungumntu okhokelayo kwimarike, kuqhelekile ukufumanisa ukuba akukho mveliso ifumaneka ngokukhawuleza ehambelana neemfuno zakho zokusebenza, apho uphuhliso oluyilwe ngokwezifiso luba yinto ebalulekileyo khona.
Kwabo bachwephesha, oku kuthetha ukuba abantu baqeshwa kakuhle kwaye bafumana imivuzo emihle.Abaphuhlisi abancinci kwiimarike ezisakhasayo sele benokufumana ingeniso yenyanga ekhuphisanayo, ngelixa iinjineli ezinamava kwiimarike ezikhulileyo zihlala zifikelela kwimivuzo yonyaka emalunga namanani amathandathu okanye ngaphezulu. Ukusebenza kude, ukusebenza ngokuzimeleyo kunye nentsebenziswano engaphaya kwemida kwandisa amathuba amaninzi.
Ngaphezulu kwenzuzo yezemali, uphuhliso lwesoftware lubonelela ngokuguquguquka kunye nokuhlaziywa rhoqoUngahamba kwiidomeyini ezifana newebhu, iselfowuni, idatha, i-AI, ukhuseleko lwe-cyber, uphuhliso lwelifu okanye lomdlalo, usebenze kwiinkampani ezintsha okanye amashishini amakhulu, okanye uqalise imveliso yakho okanye ingcebiso wakuba ufumane amava aneleyo.
I-AI, ukuzenzekela kunye nekamva lendima yomphuhlisi
Kukho ingxolo eninzi malunga nemisebenzi yenkqubo "yokubulala" i-AI, kodwa inyani icacile ngakumbiAbancedisi be-AI banamhlanje abafana neGitHub Copilot okanye iChatGPT banokucebisa iziqwenga zekhowudi, bancede ekulungiseni iimpazamo kwaye bade babhale izinto ezincinci, kodwa basaxhomekeke kakhulu kulwalathiso lomntu, uphononongo kunye nokucinga kwinqanaba lenkqubo; abaphuhlisi basebenzisa ngakumbi abahleli abafana Code VS ezidibanisa i-AI ukuze kube lula ukuhamba komsebenzi.
Uphuhliso lwesoftware alupheleli nje ekubhaleni ikhowudi echanekileyo ngokwesivakalisi; ikwabandakanya ukuqonda iingxaki zoshishino zokwenyani, ukuyila uyilo lwezakhiwo, ukuvavanya urhwebo, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko, kunye nokukhathalela amava omsebenzisi. Ubuchule, ukucinga nzulu, uvelwano kubasebenzisi kunye nengqiqo yemveliso zihlala ziyizakhono zobuntu ezingenakukwazi ukuphinda-phinda ngokupheleleyo izixhobo ze-AI.
Iinkokheli zoshishino zihlala zikhankanya ukuba ukwenziwa kweenkqubo kuphakathi kwemisebenzi yokugqibela ezenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo, ngenxa yobunzima bayo kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukuziqhelanisa neendawo ezintsha. Oko kwenziwa yi-AI ngoku kukwenza imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo ngokuzenzekelayo, ukukhawulezisa umsebenzi wesiqhelo kunye nokukhulula abaphuhlisi ukuba bagxile kwizigqibo ezinexabiso eliphezulu.
Enyanisweni, abaphuhlisi abalungileyo bafunda indlela yokusebenzisana ne-AI endaweni yokukhuphisana nayoBasebenzisa i-AI ukuphonononga ezinye iindlela, ukuvelisa ikhowudi ye-boilerplate, uyilo lweemvavanyo okanye amaxwebhu, kunye nokuqinisekisa ngokukhawuleza izimvo. Amaqela asebenzisa ezi zixhobo ngokuthembekileyo adla ngokuba nemveliso ngakumbi kwaye anokuthumela iimpawu ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokunciphisa umgangatho.
Ngokwembono yomsebenzi, oku kuthetha ukuba ukufunda imigaqo ephambili yobunjineli besoftware kuselutyalo-mali olunobulumko—kodwa kufuneka ukhululeke nokusebenzisa izixhobo zanamhlanje, ukuqonda idatha kunye nokusebenza ngaphakathi kwiinkqubo zendalo ezidibanisa ngakumbi iinkqubo zemveli kunye noncedo oluqhutywa yi-AI.
Uphuhliso lwesoftware ngokwezifiso: yintoni na kwaye nini ivakala
Uphuhliso lwesoftware oluyilwe ngokwezifiso lubhekisa ekwakheni izisombululo zedijithali ezenzelwe iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zenkampani ethile, endaweni yokuthenga imveliso eqhelekileyo kunye nokulungelelanisa iinkqubo zangaphakathi ezijikeleze yona. Cinga ngayo njengokuxhotyiswa ngendlela yokulinganisa endaweni yokuthenga enye evenkileni.
Ukuze banikezele ngenkqubo eyenzelwe wena, ababoneleli ngeenkonzo badla ngokuhlanganisa iqela elinamacandelo amaninzi abaphuhlisi, abahlalutyi, abakhi bezakhiwo kunye neengcali ze-UX ezinokufunda umbutho nzulu, ziqonde iindlela zokusebenza ezibalulekileyo baze bayile izixhobo eziqinisa ezo ndlela zokusebenza endaweni yokunyanzelisa iindlela zokusebenza ezingaqhelekanga.
Iinkampani zihlala zibona imfuneko yophuhliso oluqhelekileyo njengoko zikhula okanye zijongene nokhuphiswano olunzimaKwelo nqanaba, ukwahlulahlula ngeenkqubo ezizodwa, amava angcono kubathengi okanye imisebenzi ekhawulezayo iba yinto ebalulekileyo, kwaye isoftware esemgangathweni idla ngokungaphumeleli. Iinkokeli zemarike, ngakumbi, zihlala zifumanisa ukuba akukho mveliso ipakishiweyo igubungela okungaphezulu kwenxalenye yeemfuno zabo zokwenyani.
Uphuhliso lweziko lwanamhlanje lukwanxulumene ngokusondeleyo neendlela ezikhawulezayo kunye namaqonga aphantsi ekhowudiEndaweni yeeprojekthi ezinde neziqinileyo, amaqela asebenza ngokukhawuleza, abandakanya abachaphazelekayo kwezoshishino rhoqo, kwaye asebenzise iindawo eziphantsi kwekhowudi ukubonelela ngeempawu ngexesha elirekhodiweyo ngelixa esagcina inkululeko eyaneleyo yokulungelelanisa isisombululo ubomi baso bonke.
Ukukhetha umboneleli womsebenzi owenziwe ngokwezifiso akubandakanyi nje amagama adumileyo kwezobuchwepheshe kodwa kuxhomekeke kwindlela yokwenza izinto.Amaqela adibanisa iindlela zokusebenza ezivunyiweyo (iScrum, iXP, iKanban) kunye neemodeli zawo eziphuculiweyo, izakhono zolawulo oluqinileyo lotshintsho kunye nokukwazi ukudibana neziseko ezikhoyo adla ngokufumana iziphumo ezingcono kunezo zithembisa nje "siza kubhala ikhowudi kuyo nayiphi na into oyicelayo".
Iimpawu eziphambili, iingenelo kunye neengxaki zesoftware eyenzelwe wena
Uphuhliso olwenziwe ngendlela efanelekileyo lubonisa iimpawu ezininzi eziphindaphindayoOkokuqala, ukukhetheka: yonke into kwisisombululo icwangciswa ngeshishini elinye engqondweni, elijolise ekubonakaliseni icebo lalo, iinkqubo kunye nemida endaweni yokulinganisa iitemplate zoshishino eziqhelekileyo.
Okwesibini, uluvo lomthengi luyila imveliso kulo lonke iprojekthiAbachaphazelekayo ababoniswanga nje kwangaphambili kodwa babandakanyeka kwimijikelo yokuhlaziya rhoqo, iidemo kunye neeseshoni zempendulo, ukuze ulwazi lwabo lukhokele izinto eziza kuqala kunye nohlengahlengiso lwakwangoko.
Okwesithathu, uyilo olubonakalayo kunye ne-UX zenzelwe abantu ekujoliswe kubo. Unxibelelwano lwenziwe ngokwezakhono kunye nolindelo lwabantu abaza kusebenzisa le nkqubo—nokuba ngamaqela angaphakathi, amaqabane okanye abathengi bokugqibela—kunokuba ibe yindlela enye efanela bonke, kunye nezinto ezifana ukubamba izijekulo kwizixhobo eziphathwayo zihlala zibalulekile kuyilo.
Okwesine, isoftware eyenzelwe wena inceda uphawu ukuba luhlukeNgenxa yokuba le nkqubo yahlukile, inokuyibhala ngokweenkcukacha indlela ezisebenza ngayo iinkonzo, iimetrikhi, iideshibhodi okanye iindlela ezenzekelayo ezingenazo abakhuphisana nabo, nto leyo eguqula ubuchwepheshe bube yinzuzo yokukhuphisana endaweni yokuba yimpahla ethengiswayo.
Okwesihlanu, isisombululo siyaqhelana neemfuno ezifihlakeleyo okanye ezingabonakaliyoUhlalutyo oluhle kunye nokufunyanwa okuphindaphindayo kuvumela iqela lophuhliso ukuba libambe iimfuno ezinokuthi zingacacanga ekuqaleni—ezifana nokuthobela imithetho, iimeko zokudibanisa okanye iipatheni zokuziphatha—zize zizifake kwimveliso njengoko zibonakala.
Okwesithandathu, ukugcinwa kwendalo kunye nokuguquka okuthe tye kubalulekileXa i-codebase ilandela imigangatho eqinileyo, amaxwebhu kunye nemigaqo yoyilo, kuba lula kakhulu ukuhlaziya, ukwandisa okanye ukutshintsha inkqubo njengoko ishishini likhula, ngaphandle kokufuna ukuqala kwakhona kwasekuqaleni.
Okokugqibela, ulawulo lotshintsho olusebenzayo luyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeprojekthi ezenziwe ngokwezifiso eziphumelelayoNgenxa yokuba abantu zizidalwa zesiqhelo, kufuneka isicwangciso sokuqalisa esicingisisiweyo: iiseshoni zoqeqesho, utshintsho oluhamba kancinci kancinci, ngamanye amaxesha kwanokulinganisa iifom zephepha ezikhoyo okanye uyilo lwe-UI oludala ekuqaleni ukuze abasebenzisi bazive bekhululekile ukwamkela izixhobo ezintsha.
Iingenelo zezisombululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zibonisa ezi mpawuImibutho inandipha ulungelelwaniso oluqinileyo phakathi kwesoftware kunye neenkqubo, iindlela zokufunda ezimfutshane kubasebenzi, amava angcono kubasebenzisi, inkxaso esondeleyo kubathengisi, ulawulo oluphuculweyo kwidatha ebalulekileyo, ukuhlanganiswa okulula neenkqubo ezikhoyo kunye nobuchule obukhulu bokuphumeza uphuculo xa kuvela iimfuno ezintsha.
Eyona ngxaki iphambili ziindleko kunye noxanduvaUphuhliso olulungiselelwe wena ludla ngokubiza kakhulu kunokuthenga imveliso eyakhiwe kwangaphambili—ngaphandle kokuba loo mveliso iya kunyanzela inkampani ukuba iguqe kakhulu ukuze ihambelane nemida yayo. Iiprojekthi ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zikwafuna intsebenziswano esebenzayo kumthengi, ekufuneka atyale ixesha kwiimfuno, ingxelo kunye nokwenza izigqibo ukuze afumane ixabiso lokwenyani kwintsebenziswano.
Yintoni kanye kanye uphuhliso lwesoftware?
Eyona nto iphambili, uphuhliso lwesoftware luludwe lweenkqubo ezibandakanyekayo ekudalweni kweenkqubo zesoftwareOko kuquka umjikelo wobomi bonke: ukuhlalutya iimfuno, ukuyila izisombululo, ukubhala nokuvavanya ikhowudi, ukusebenzisa usetyenziso kunye nokuzigcina ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Isoftware ngokwayo yingqokelela yemiyalelo exelela ikhompyutha into emayenzeAyixhomekekanga kwizixhobo zekhompyutha kwaye yenza izixhobo zicwangciswe, iguqula izixhobo ze-elektroniki eziqhelekileyo zibe zizixhobo zonxibelelwano, ukuzonwabisa, ukuvelisa okanye ukwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayo.
Singahlula iindidi ezintathu ezibanzi zesoftware ngokwembono yophuhlisoIsoftware yenkqubo (okanye isoftware yokusebenza) inika amandla izixhobo kwinqanaba eliphantsi—iinkqubo zokusebenza, abaqhubi kunye nezixhobo—kwaye idla ngokubandakanya ikhowudi entsonkothileyo nebalulekileyo yokusebenza.
Isoftware yokucwangcisa iqulethe izixhobo ezisetyenziswa ngabaphuhlisi ukwakha nokuphucula ezinye iisoftware, njengabahleli beekhowudi, abalungisi beempazamo, abaqokeleli beefayile, abatoliki, kunye neendawo zophuhliso ezidibeneyo (ii-IDE). Ezi zixhobo zilungelelanisa umsebenzi kwaye ziveza iimpazamo kwangethuba.
Isoftware yesicelo yinto abantu abaninzi abayisebenzisa imihla ngemihla: ii-apps zeselfowuni, ii-apps zewebhu, iinkqubo zedesktop kunye nee-apps ezifakwe kwiimoto okanye kwizixhobo. Abaphuhlisi bezicelo bagxila ekusebenziseni iimpawu, ingqiqo yeshishini kunye ne-interface yomsebenzisi ezisombulula iingxaki zomsebenzisi ezibonakalayo.
Iindlela eziphambili kumjikelo wobomi bophuhliso lwesoftware
Kuye kwavela iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhlela indlela amaqela aceba, akha ngayo kwaye ahambisa ngayo isoftwareNangona zahlukile kwiinkcukacha, zonke zijolise ekuncedeni imibutho ukuba ithumele iinkqubo ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngokukhawuleza nangexabiso elifanelekileyo.
Uphuhliso lwe-Agile lwakhiwe ngemijikelo emifutshane nephindaphindayoAmaqela akhupha amanyathelo amancinci rhoqo, aqokelela ingxelo kwinqanaba ngalinye aze aphathe imiba efunyenweyo njengamathuba okufunda. Abathathi-nxaxheba bahlala bebandakanyeka ngophononongo oluqhubekayo, belawula imveliso njengoko ikhula endaweni yokuba ikhule ekuqaleni okanye ekupheleni kuphela.
Imodeli ye-Waterfall yakudala ilandela indlela engqongqo yokulandelelana: ugqiba isigaba esinye (iimfuno, uyilo, ukuphunyezwa, uvavanyo, ukusasazwa) ngaphambi kokuba uqhubekele kwesinye, ungabuyeli ngasemva okanye ungabuyi mva. Inika ulwakhiwo kunye namaxwebhu acacileyo kodwa inokuba lukhuni; ukulibaziseka okanye utshintsho kwizigaba zokuqala lunokuphazamisa yonke ishedyuli.
Imodeli yeSpiral igxininisa ukuphindaphinda okuqhutywa ngumngciphekoIiprojekthi zijikeleza ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngokucwangcisa, uhlalutyo lomngcipheko, ubunjineli kunye novavanyo. Oku kuhambelana neenkqubo ezinkulu nezintsonkothileyo apho iiprototypes zokuqala kunye nokuqinisekiswa okuphindaphindiweyo kubalulekile, kwaye apho impendulo yomsebenzisi kufuneka ifakwe ngokuthe ngcembe.
Uphuhliso oluphindaphindayo luxhomekeke ekuphindaphindweni nasekutyebisweni kancinci kancinci kwemvelisoEndaweni yokulinda ukwazi zonke iimfuno kwangaphambili, amaqela asebenzisa icandelo elisezantsi, avavanye aze avavanye iziphumo, aze ongeze ezinye iimfuno kwimiba elandelelanayo. Ipasi ngalinye livelisa inguqulelo epheleleyo ngakumbi esekelwe ekufundeni kovavanyo kunye neempazamo.
I-DevOps yandisa imigaqo ye-Agile ukuze idibanise uphuhliso kunye nemisebenziAmaqela ophuhliso kunye ne-ops asebenzisana ngokusondeleyo ukuze enze ngokuzenzekelayo ulwakhiwo, uvavanyo, ukuthunyelwa kunye nokubeka esweni kwaye ahlala exhomekeke kwi itekhnoloji yokufaka isikhongozeli. Ukukhutshwa kuncinci kodwa kuxhaphake kakhulu, kugxininiswa kakhulu kwimpendulo eqhubekayo, ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo kunye nokwenza amanyathelo enziwe ngesandla abe ngokuzenzekelayo.
Uphuhliso lwesoftware olungenamsebenzi lugxile ekupheliseni inkunkuma kunye nokwandisa ixabisoAmaqela abeka phambili umsebenzi obaluleke ngokwenene ngoku, aphephe ukwenza imisebenzi emininzi ngaxeshanye, ayeke iintlanganiso ezingafunekiyo kunye namaxwebhu, kwaye afune ukufunda rhoqo. Imigaqo yeCore Lean ibandakanya ukususa inkunkuma, ukwandisa ukufunda, ukwenza izigqibo ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ukunika amandla amaqela, ukwakha ingqibelelo kwinkqubo kunye nokugcina umbono opheleleyo.
Amanqanaba asixhenxe aphambili eprojekthi yesoftware
Nangona iindlela zahlukile, singachaza amanqanaba asixhenxe aqhelekileyo kumjikelo wobomi besoftware eqhelekileyo ezibonakala, ngandlela ithile, kwiiprojekthi ezininzi.
1) Ucwangciso yindawo apho kubekwa khona iziseko zeprojekthiApha, amaqela acacisa ingxaki esonjululwayo, ububanzi beenkqubo ezikhoyo kunye noko kulindeleke ukuba le nkqubo intsha ifikelele kuko. Kuhlolwa ukuba kunokwenzeka na, kuxoxwa ngezixhobo kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo mali, kwaye kubhalwe isicwangciso sokuqala okanye ixesha elibekiweyo.
2) Uhlalutyo lubandakanya ukuqokelela iimfuno ezineenkcukachaAbaphuhlisi, abahlalutyi kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba bayasebenzisana ukuze babambe iimfuno ezisebenzayo nezingasebenziyo, bachaze iimeko zokusetyenziswa kwaye bazobe izimvo zakuqala zeeprototypes. Kulapho ulindelo lomsebenzisi, imida kunye neendlela zokuphumelela zibhalwa khona.
3) Uyilo kunye nomzekelo wokwenza iiprototypes ziguqulela iimfuno zibe yiplani ecacileyoIingcali ziyila uyilo lwezicelo, iimodeli zedatha, ujongano lomsebenzisi, unxibelelwano lwenkqubo kunye nenethiwekhi, kunye iinkqubo zokugcina idathaNgokuqhelekileyo, uxwebhu lweSoftware Requirements Specification (SRS) luguqulwa lube zizakhiwo ezinengqondo, imizobo kunye neeprototypes ezinokuthi kamva zisetyenziswe kwikhowudi.
4) Uphuhliso lulapho ikhowudi ibhalwa khona ngokweneneBesebenzisa iilwimi ezifana neJavaScript, iPython, iC++, iPHP okanye ezinye, abaphuhlisi baphumeza uyilo, bekhokelwa yimigangatho yokubhala ikhowudi yeqela; ukhetho ludla ngokuxhomekeka kumahluko phakathi IJavaScript kunye neJavaBaxhomekeke kubaqokeleli, abalungisi beempazamo, abatoliki kunye nezixhobo zokwakha, kwaye banokudibanisa izixhobo zovavanyo lokhuseleko lwezicelo ezizinzileyo (SAST) ukuze bafumane ubuthathaka kwangethuba.
5) Uvavanyo linqanaba elibalulekileyo lokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nomgangathoAmaqela aqhuba iintlobo ngeentlobo zovavanyo—iyunithi, ukuhlanganiswa, inkqubo, ukusebenziseka, ukusebenza—ukuze afumanise iimpazamo aze aqinisekise ukuba isoftware iyahlangabezana neemfuno ezithile kunye nemigangatho yangaphakathi yomgangatho. Ngokuxhomekeke kubunzima benkqubo kunye nokuvuthwa kweqela, eli nqanaba linokuba lifutshane okanye libe likhulu kakhulu.
6) Ukudibanisa nokusasazwa kwesoftware kuzisa isoftware kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyoIimodyuli ezahlukeneyo zidityaniswe kwisiseko sekhowudi esiphambili, imiba yokudibanisa iyasonjululwa, kwaye inkqubo ifakwa okanye ikhutshelwe abasebenzisi, rhoqo kwi kwiziko leenkcukacha okanye indawo yamafu. Kwimibhobho yanamhlanje, oku kudla ngokwenzeka ngeenkqubo ze-CI/CD ezenzekelayo ezivumela ukuthunyelwa rhoqo, okunomngcipheko omncinci.
7) Imisebenzi kunye nokugcinwa kwayo yeyona nxalenye inde yobomi benkquboEmva kokuqaliswa, abaphuhlisi kunye namaqela enkxaso bajonga ukusebenza, baphatha iingxelo zeempazamo ezivela kubasebenzisi, basasaze uhlaziyo, balungise imiba yokhuseleko kwaye basebenzise uphuculo oluqhutywa ziimfuno ezintsha okanye utshintsho kwimarike.
Umphuhlisi wesoftware vs. injineli yesoftware: zahluke njani?
Amagama athi “umphuhlisi wesoftware” kunye “nonjineli wesoftware” adla ngokusetyenziswa ngokutshintshana, kodwa agxininisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo kancinciZombini iindima zinegalelo ekwakheni isoftware, kodwa ingqwalasela kunye noxanduva lwazo zihlala zahlukile.
Ubunjineli besoftware kukusetyenziswa kwemigaqo yobunjineli kwisoftwareIinjineli zesoftware zijonga yonke inkqubo: uyilo, ukwandiswa, ukwenziwa ngcono kokusebenza, ukuthembeka, kunye nokunamathela kwiindlela ezilungileyo zobunjineli. Basenokuba negalelo kwizifundo zokwenzeka, uyilo oluphezulu, ucwangciso lweeprojekthi kunye nokulungelelanisa izisombululo zobugcisa neenjongo zoshishino.
Izakhono eziphambili zeenjineli zesoftware ziquka ukuqonda okunzulu ngemigaqo yoyilo kunye noyilo, ukukwazi ukuyila iinkqubo eziqinileyo nezisebenzayo, ubuchule beendlela zobunjineli besoftware, izakhono eziqinileyo zokusombulula iingxaki kwimiba enzima, ubunkokeli kwiprojekthi, kunye nolwazi oluqinileyo lweziseko zesayensi yekhompyutha ezifana nee-algorithms, izakhiwo zedatha kunye nobunzima bokubala.
Uphuhliso lwesoftware lunokubonwa njengeqela eligxile kakhulu ekuphunyezweniAbaphuhlisi baguqulela iinkcukacha kunye neemfuno zibe yikhowudi yokusebenza, izinto zoyilo okanye iimpawu, iingxaki zokulungisa iimpazamo kunye nokubhala iimvavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba usetyenziso lusebenza njengoko kulindelekile.
Izakhono eziphambili zabaphuhlisi zijikeleze ukubhalwa kwekhowudi kunye nokuhanjiswa: ubuchule kwiilwimi kunye nezakhelo zeprogram, ukuqhelana nezixhobo zophuhliso kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lweenguqulelo, izakhono zokulungisa iimpazamo, ukuqonda umjikelo wobomi bophuhliso olupheleleyo ukusuka kuyilo ukuya ekusetyenzisweni, kunye nentsebenziswano esebenzayo nabayili, abavavanyi kunye nabanye iinjineli.
Ngokwendlela esebenzayo, iingcali ezininzi zenza imisebenzi kuzo zombini iindima kuxhomekeke kubungakanani benkampaniKwimibutho emincinci, umntu omnye unokusingatha uyilo lwezakhiwo, ukubhala iikhowudi, ukuhambisa kunye neminye imisebenzi, ngelixa kwiinkampani ezinkulu umahluko phakathi "konjineli" kunye "nomphuhlisi" udla ngokuchazwa ngakumbi.
Ubomi bemihla ngemihla, izixhobo kunye nentsebenziswano kumaqela ophuhliso
Usuku oluqhelekileyo lomphuhlisi wesoftware ludibanisa umsebenzi wokugxila nzulu kunye nentsebenziswano. Iintsasa zidla ngokuqala ngokujonga ii-imeyile, iibhodi zeprojekthi kunye needeshibhodi zokubeka esweni iimpazamo. Ukuba akukho ziganeko zingxamisekileyo zivelayo, abaphuhlisi baphonononga uluhlu lwabo lwemisebenzi—oluhlala lucwangciswe ngokwee-sprints okanye ii-reterations—baze bakhethe into elandelayo ekufuneka bayiqwalasele.
Uninzi lwemini luchithwa lubhala ikhowudi, lulungisa iimpazamo kwaye luhlola ikhowudiAbaphuhlisi basebenzisa iimpawu ezintsha, baphucule ii-algorithms, balungise iimpazamo kwaye babhale iimvavanyo ezenzekelayo. Endleleni, basebenzisana noontanga babo ukuxoxa ngamaqhinga okuphumeza okanye ukuvula imingeni yobugcisa.
Iintlanganiso ezimfutshane zemihla ngemihla zokuma ziqhelekile kumaqela e-Agile, ukunika wonke umntu ithuba lokwabelana ngenkqubela phambili, ukugqamisa izinto ezithintelayo kunye nokulungelelanisa imizamo. Kuyo yonke imini, abaphuhlisi banokuya kwiiseshoni zokucwangcisa, ukulungisa izinto ezisemva, iingxoxo zoyilo okanye iintlanganiso zokubonisa nabachaphazelekayo.
Ukufunda okuqhubekayo kuhlanganiswe kwinkqubo yesiqheloAbaphuhlisi abaninzi bathabatha ikhefu elifutshane lokufunda amanqaku obuchwephesha, ukuzama amathala eencwadi amatsha okanye iilwimi, okanye ukufaka isandla kwiiprojekthi zobuqu. Abanye bathatha inxaxheba kuluntu olukwi-intanethi nakwiiforam ukuze babuze imibuzo, babelane ngengqiqo okanye baphonononge iminikelo yomthombo ovulekileyo.
Njengoko ixesha elibekiweyo lisondela, iishedyuli zinokuba nzima ngakumbiEminye imisebenzi idlulela ngokuhlwa okanye ngeempelaveki—ingakumbi xa kukhutshwe izinto ezinkulu okanye kulungiswe iimpazamo ezibalulekileyo—nangona amaqela asempilweni ezama ukuphepha ukulwa rhoqo ngokucwangcisa ngokuchanekileyo nangokuzenzekela kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Kwicala lezixhobo, abaphuhlisi baxhomekeke kwinkqubo etyebileyo yendalo. Amaqonga olawulo lomsebenzi kunye nentsebenziswano anceda ukulandelela imisebenzi, ukucwangcisa ukusilela kunye nokunxibelelana ngemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Imizekelo ibandakanya izixhobo ezidibanisa ukulandelela imisebenzi, amaxwebhu, incoko kunye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayo kwindawo yokusebenza edibeneyo, okuvumela abaphathi beemveliso, abaphuhlisi, iQA kunye nabachaphazelekayo ukuba babelane ngomthombo omnye wenyaniso.
Amaqonga olawulo lwenguqulelo efana neGitHub asisiseko. Zibamba iindawo zokugcina ulwazi, zivumela amaqhinga okuhlanganisa nokudibanisa, zixhasa izicelo zokutsala kunye nokuhlolwa kweekhowudi, kwaye zidibanisa nemisebenzi ye-CI/CD. Iimpawu ezinje ngokuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo, ukulandelela imiba kunye neengcebiso zekhowudi ezixhaswa yi-AI zilungelelanisa umsebenzi wemihla ngemihla kwaye zinciphisa ukungqubana.
Izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokulandelela iiprojekthi, ezifana nezo zenzelwe iibhodi ze-Agile kunye nolawulo lwemicimbi, nazo zidlala indima ephambiliBavumela amaqela ukuba alawule amabali abasebenzisi, ii-epics, iimpazamo kunye nemisebenzi ngokusebenzisa ukusilela kunye neebhodi, benze ngokwezifiso iindlela zokusebenza, kwaye bafumane ukubonakala kwinkqubela phambili, imiqobo kunye neziganeko ezizayo.
Iindima ngaphakathi kwamaqela esoftware kunye namandla empendulo
Imibutho yesoftware yanamhlanje idibanisa imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ekhethekileyo phantsi kwesambulela esibanzi "sophuhliso lwesoftware"Indima nganye ineembopheleleko ezahlukeneyo, izinto ezilindelweyo kunye neendlela zokuphendula, ngoko ke iincoko zokusebenza kufuneka zilungiselelwe endaweni yokuba ziqheleke.
Iinjineli zesoftware eziphezulu zihlala zivavanywa kumgangatho wekhowudi kunye noyilo lwezakhiwo, ulwalathiso kunye nokusombulula iingxaki ezinzimaIngxelo esebenzayo inokuqaphela uyilo oluyilwe kakuhle oluphucula ukuguquguquka nokuzinza, okanye ibonise indlela ecacileyo ngayo amaxwebhu aphezulu kunye nokwazisa izigqibo. Ingxelo eyakhayo inokukhuthaza ukulinganisela ubunzulu bobuchwephesha kunye nokusebenza okanye ukukhuthaza iingxoxo ezibandakanya ngakumbi ukuze amazwi asezantsi aviwe.
Iinjineli zeDevOps zigxila kwi-automation, iziseko zophuhliso kunye nokuthembeka kwenkquboImpendulo eyakhayo inokuvuma ukuba imibhobho ye-CI/CD ephumeleleyo inciphisa iimpazamo ezenziwe ngesandla okanye ukujonga kwangaphambili okuthintela ukungasebenzi kakuhle. Iindawo zophuhliso zinokubandakanya ukwenza izikripthi zokusasazwa zisetyenziswe kwakhona okanye ukubandakanya onke amaqela achaphazelekayo kwangethuba kutshintsho lweziseko zophuhliso.
Iinjineli zedatha zilawula imibhobho yedatha, ukusebenza kwe-ETL kunye nomgangatho wedatha. Bayanconywa ngemibhobho eqinileyo ephucula ubutsha kunye nomgangatho wedatha, okanye ngokunamathela ngononophelo kwimigangatho yobumfihlo kunye nokuthobela imithetho. Igalelo elakhayo linokukhomba ekunciphiseni ubunzima bokugcinwa okanye ukuphucula unxibelelwano lwasekuqaleni malunga neemodeli zedatha kusetyenziswa izinto ezibonakalayo ezingaphezulu.
Iinjineli zeQA kunye neemvavanyo zivavanywa ngokugubungela, uhlalutyo lweziphene kunye novavanyo olujolise kubasebenzisi. Igalelo elinamandla liquka ii-test suites ezicokisekileyo ezinciphisa iziphene zemveliso kunye nokugxininisa ekubukeni kweempawu ezivela kwiimbono ezininzi zabasebenzisi. Ingxelo ingacebisa ukuba kuphuculwe ukubekwa phambili kovavanyo malunga nokuhamba okubalulekileyo okanye ukuphucula ixesha elifanelekileyo leengxelo zeziphene ukuze kukhawuleziswe ukulungiswa.
Abaphuhlisi abancinci bahlala befumana ingxelo malunga nobuchule bokufunda, umgangatho wekhowudi kunye nentsebenziswano. Amanqaku amahle anokugxininisa ukuba bayiqonda ngokukhawuleza kangakanani i-tech stack okanye ukuba bafuna kwaye bayisebenzise kangakanani impendulo kuphononongo lweekhowudi. Iindawo zokukhula zihlala ziquka ukuphucula ukufundeka kunye nokuguquguquka kwekhowudi, okanye ukukhululeka ngakumbi ukucela uncedo kwasekuqaleni kwimisebenzi enzima.
Iinkcubeko zempendulo ezisebenzayo zixhomekeke ekubuzeni imibuzo elungileyo, kungekuphela nje ekunikezeni izigwebo eziya kwicala elinyeAbaphathi banokusebenzisa incoko yomntu ngamnye kunye nophando olulula ukwenza izinto ezithambileyo zibe nokulinganiswa—ukubandakanyeka, ukucaca, ukuzimela—kunye nokudala izicwangciso zophuhliso nomntu ngamnye. Izixhobo ezizinikeleyo ze-1:1s ezicwangcisiweyo kunye neetemplate zempendulo zinokuxhasa le nkqubo kwaye zenze uphuhliso lwabantu lube nocwangco ngakumbi.
Ngokwalo mfanekiso upheleleyo, impendulo ayibalulekanga kangako ekugwebeni ukusebenza kodwa imalunga nokuvula amathuba. Yenziwe kakuhle, iphakamisa ukusebenza kweqela, ikhulisa izakhono zobugcisa kunye nobudlelwane, kwaye ekugqibeleni ikhokelele kumgangatho ophezulu wemveliso kunye nentsebenziswano enempilo kuzo zonke iindima ezibandakanyekayo ekunikezelweni kwesoftware.
Imbono yomsebenzi, iindlela zemfundo kunye nokuqalisa
Ngokwembono yemarike yabasebenzi, uphuhliso lwesoftware luhlala lunye lwemisebenzi ethembisayo kakhuluIzibalo ezisemthethweni kunye neengxelo zoshishino zihlala ziqikelela amazinga okukhula angaphezulu komndilili kubaphuhlisi, abahlalutyi be-QA kunye neendima ezinxulumene noko, eziqhutywa yimfuno eqhubekayo yeenkqubo ezintsha zedijithali kunye nokuhlaziywa okuqhubekayo kwezo zidlulileyo.
Amanqanaba omvuzo abonisa loo mfuno. Umvuzo ophakathi wonyaka wabaphuhlisi kwiimarike ezikhulileyo uphezulu, kunye nenzuzo enkulu kwiingcali kwiindawo ezifana nelifu, idatha, i-AI, ukhuseleko okanye i-DevOps. Indawo, amava, i-tech stack kunye nobuchule be-domain zonke zinefuthe kwimbuyekezo, kodwa izakhono zesoftware ngokubanzi ziguqulela kakuhle kumacandelo nakwamanye amazwe.
Awudingi ndlela inye yemfundo "egqibeleleyo" ukuze ungene kweli candeloIzidanga zemveli kwisayensi yekhompyutha okanye ubunjineli besoftware zibonelela ngeziseko eziqinileyo kwithiyori nakwingcinga yexesha elide. Kwangaxeshanye, ii-bootcamp ezinzulu, iiyunivesithi ezikwi-intanethi kunye nokufunda okuziqondisayo kusetyenziswa amaqonga afana neekharikhulamu zekhowudi zasimahla, ii-MOOC okanye iitshaneli zokufundisa zenza intsimi ifikeleleke ngakumbi kunangaphambili.
Eyona ndlela ikrelekrele idla ngokudibanisa imfundo ecwangcisiweyo kunye nokuzifundela kunye neeprojekthi zokwenyaniUmzekelo, inkqubo esemthethweni ingakunika imigaqo ngokubanzi—izakhiwo zedatha, ii-algorithms, uyilo—ngelixa iiprojekthi zobuqu okanye ezizimeleyo zikunceda wakhe ipotifoliyo kwaye ufunde indlela ezivakala ngayo izithintelo zehlabathi lokwenyani, njengokuzama yakha iwebhusayithi ukususela ekuqaleni.
Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela, amava asebenzayo abalulekileUkusebenza ubuncinane kwiteknoloji enye ye-front-end kunye nenye ye-back-end, ukufaka isandla kwiprojekthi yomthombo ovulekileyo, okanye ukwakha usetyenziso oluncinci lomsebenzisi wokwenyani kuya kukufundisa okungaphezulu kakhulu kunethiyori yodwa. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ungazibandakanya kwiinkalo ezifana newebhu, iselfowuni, ilifu, uphuhliso lwemidlalo, i-AI, ukufunda koomatshini okanye Khu seleko.
Kwiinkampani ezicinga ngesicwangciso sazo sedijithali, ukusebenzisana nababoneleli abanamava bophuhliso lweziko kunokuba luncedo kakhulu.Imibutho edibanisa iindlela zobuchule obukhawulezayo, amaqonga aphantsi kwekhowudi kunye nokuqonda okunzulu kwenkqubo inokubonelela ngezisombululo ezenzelwe wena, ezidibeneyo ngokukhawuleza kuneendlela zemveli, inceda amashishini ukuba ahambelane nemeko-bume eguquguqukayo nekhuphisanayo.
Uphuhliso lwesoftware luhlala luluqilima olunamandla lokuyila izinto ezintsha, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokwahlulahlula: ukusuka ekukhetheni okucwangcisiweyo phakathi kwezisombululo ezingaphandle kweshelufu kunye nezenziwe ngokwezifiso, ngokusebenzisa iindlela kunye neendima ezibumba iiprojekthi, ukuya kwicala lomntu lokuphendula, ukufunda kunye nokukhula komsebenzi, le ngqeqesho iyaqhubeka nokukhula—kodwa ukubaluleka kwayo kunye nempembelelo kubomi banamhlanje kuya kuqina ngakumbi.
