Ubume bomxholo we-HTML: isikhokelo esipheleleyo sokwakha amaphepha aqinileyo

Ikhaya » Python » Ubume bomxholo we-HTML: isikhokelo esipheleleyo sokwakha amaphepha aqinileyo

Ukufunda indlela yokucwangcisa umxholo kwi-HTML ngumahluko phakathi kwephepha elibonisa "into kwisikrini" kunye nephepha ekulula ukulihamba, ukufikeleleka, kunye ne-SEO-friendly. Xa iHTML yakho icwangciswe ngolawulo olucacileyo, iibhrawuza, iinjini zokukhangela, kunye noncedo lwetekhnoloji ngokukhawuleza ukuqonda ukuba lithetha ukuthini icandelo ngalinye kwaye lidibana njani.

Esikhundleni sokucinga nge-HTML njengendlela yokuphosa iithegi kwiphepha, inceda ukuyibona njengeplani yoxwebhu lwakho. Ngesakhiwo esiqinileyo uchaza apho umxholo wakho oyintloko uhlala khona, indlela izihloko ezihambelana ngayo, yintoni ukuhamba, yintoni ulwazi lwesibini, kwaye zeziphi iindawo ezichaza uxwebhu ngokwalo entloko. Kwesi sikhokelo siya kungena nzulu kwisakhiwo somxholo kwi-HTML: ukusuka kumathambo ehlabathi ephepha, ukuya kwizihloko, iisemantics, ukufikeleleka, kunye neepateni ezithile zokuyila eziphathekayo zamaphepha ehlabathi lokwenyani.

1. Amathambo ehlabathi kuxwebhu lweHTML

Onke amaxwebhu e-HTML aqala ngohlobo olufanayo lomgangatho ophezulu: i-doctype, i-html, intloko kunye nomzimba. Oku kunokujongeka njenge-boilerplate, kodwa iqhekeza ngalinye lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwindlela isikhangeli esicalula kwaye sinikeze ngayo umxholo wakho kunye nendlela iinjini zokukhangela ezitolika ngayo iphepha lakho.

Owona mgca wokuqala sisibhengezo se-doctype, ebhalwe njenge kwi-HTML5. Lo myalelo awuvelisi imveliso ebonakalayo; ixelela umkhangeli zincwadi ukuba asebenzise imowudi yemigangatho endaweni yemowudi ye-quirks, inqanda ukuziphatha konikezelo olunokwaphula ngokupheleleyo ubeko lwakho okanye iCSS.

Kanye emva kokuba i-doctype iza ingcambu , esonga uxwebhu lonke. Phantse yonke into-zombini i-metadata yoxwebhu kunye nephepha elibonakalayo-lihlala ngaphakathi … . Apha kukwalapho ubhengeza khona ulwimi lomntu kuxwebhu olunophawu loyelelwano, umzekelo ngesiNgesi okanye kwiSpanish ukusuka eSpain.

Ukubhengeza ulwimi nge-lang kubalulekile ekufikelelekeni, i-SEO kunye nezixhobo zokuguqulela. Abafundi besikrini basisebenzisa ukukhetha imigaqo echanekileyo yokubiza amagama, iinjini zokukhangela kunye nabaguquleli abazenzekelayo bayayisebenzisa ukuqonda ulwimi lokuqala, kwaye iCSS inokujolisa kwisimbo solwimi oluthile isebenzisa abakhethi abafana no-[lang|=”fr”] okanye :lang(en).

Ngaphakathi kwengcambu ye-html element usoloko unabantwana ababini ngokuthe ngqo: kwaye . Intloko iqulethe yonke i-metadata kunye nezibonelelo ezifunekayo ukutolika kunye nokubonisa iphepha (i-encoding, isihloko, i-CSS, ii-icon, ii-URL ze-canonical, njl.), ngelixa umzimba uqulethe abasebenzisi bomxholo obona ngokwenene kwaye basebenzisane kwifestile yesiphequluli.

2. Yintoni ekwi- (kwaye kutheni kubalulekile)

Icandelo lentloko alibonakali kubakhenkethi ababonayo, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu kwindlela isayithi lakho eliziphatha ngayo, eliqhuba ngayo kunye namanqanaba. Ulwazi olubeka apha lukhokela iinjini zokukhangela, amaqonga ezentlalo, iibhrawuza kunye nezixhobo malunga nokuphatha kunye nokubonisa iphepha lakho.

Enye yezinto zokuqala ngaphakathi kufuneka ibe sisibhengezo sobhalo lwekhowudi olusetyenziswayo . I-UTF‑8 ngumgangatho we-HTML5, ixhasa phantse wonke umlinganiswa kunye ne-emoji, kwaye iqinisekisa izihloko zakho, okubhaliweyo, i-CSS kunye neJavaScript zitolikwa ngokuchanekileyo ngaphandle kolwimi okanye iisimboli ozisebenzisayo.

Iphepha ngalinye kufuneka lichaze elikhethekileyo nelichazayo isiqalelo. Umxholo ongaphakathi … ivela kumkhangeli zincwadi tab, amanqaku encwadi, imbali yomkhangeli zincwadi kwaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, njengentloko ecofayo engundoqo kumaphepha enjini yokukhangela ngaphandle kokuba ibhalwe ngaphezulu ziimeta tags ezithile. Ukusuka kwimbono ye-SEO, le lelinye lawona magama aphezulu-ixabiso lesicatshulwa kuxwebhu lwakho.

Enye into ephantse yanyanzeliswa yemeta kuyilo lwangoku sisibhengezo sendawo yokujonga. Ukusebenzisa uxelela iibhrawuza eziphathwayo ukuba zilinganise uyilo kububanzi besixhobo endaweni yocutha uyilo lwedesktop ibe sisikhusi esincinci, esibalulekileyo kuyilo oluphendulayo kunye nokudlulisa uphicotho olusisiseko lweselula kunye nofikelelo.

Ngaphandle kwe-charset, isihloko kunye ne-viewport, intloko kulapho uchaza khona uninzi lwemetadata yakho, izitayile kunye namakhonkco abalulekileyo. Oku kubandakanya inkcazo yemeta ejolise kwi-SEO, iifayile ze-CSS, ii-iyikhoni zesayithi, iinguqulelo ezizezinye zolwimi, ii-URL ze-canonical, i-web manifests, i-preconnects nokunye okuninzi. Zonke ezi ziqwenga zinegalelo ngokungangqalanga kwindlela oqondwa ngayo umxholo wakho kunye nendlela esetyenziswa ngayo indawo yakho.

Imetadata ebalulekileyo kunye nemithombo yolwakhiwo

I-CSS iqhele ukuqhagamshelwa ngaphakathi usebenzisa . Amaphepha esitayile angaphandle agcina iprizenteyishini yahlukile kulwakhiwo, inokugcinwa kwi-cache kuwo onke amaphepha ukuze isebenze ngcono, kwaye inceda ukugcina umthombo omnye wenyaniso wenkqubo yakho yoyilo.

Unako kwakhona ukubandakanya CSS kwi block within , or even import additional stylesheets from there. Umzekelo, abaphuhlisi ngamanye amaxesha basebenzisa i-@import ngaphakathi kwethegi yesimbo ukubeka icwecwe lesimbo kuluhlu oluthile lwe-cascade, okanye babhengeze iimpawu zesiko le-CSS (izinto eziguquguqukayo) kwinqanaba lengcambu phambi kokuba zireferensi kuzo zonke iindawo.

I isiqalelo sisebenzela iinjongo ezingaphezulu kunezimbo zesimbo. Ngokutshintsha uphawu lwe-rel ungakhomba i-favicon ene-rel=”icon”, chaza ezinye iinguqulelo zolwimi nge-rel=”ezinye” kunye ne- hreflang, cacisa i-URL ye-canonical ene-rel=”canonical”, okanye i-app yereferensi ebonakalisa kunye nolunye unxulumano lwebrawuza nabakhasi ekumele bazi ngalo.

Ukuchaza ii-icon nge iqinisekisa ukuba ibhrendi yakho iyabonakala kwibrawuza tab kunye neebhukhimaksi. Ungakhankanya ubungakanani obahlukeneyo okanye iindidi (ezifana nePNG okanye iSVG), kwaye unikezele ngeempawu ezikhethekileyo zamaqonga afana ne-iOS ene-rel=”apple-touch-icon” okanye ii-icon yemaski yeethebhu eziphiniweyo kwiSafari.

Amanye amakhonkco abalulekile kulungiselelo lweelwimi ezininzi okanye ulungelelwaniso lomxholo. Xa usebenzisa , umzekelo, uxelela iinjini zokukhangela ukuba uguqulelo lwesiFrentshi lwephepha elifanayo lukhona kwaye loluphi ulwimi/ingingqi ejolise kuyo. Ngokufanayo, ezinye iilinki zinokukhomba kwiifidi zeRSS okanye ukwahluka kwePDF ukuba ukhankanya uhlobo olufanelekileyo.

IiCanonical URLs, izikripthi kunye nezingafane zisetyenziswe

Amakhonkco eCanonical ane-rel=”canonical” anceda ukusombulula impinda-yemeko yomxholo ngokubonisa ukuba yeyiphi i-URL engumthombo ogunyazisiweyo. Ukuba inqaku elifanayo likhona kwiindlela ezininzi, okanye liposwe ngokunqamlezileyo kweminye imimandla, i-canonical URL idibanisa iisignali zenqanaba kwaye inqanda i-injini yokukhangela ukuqikelela ukuba yeyiphi inguqulelo emayiyibonise.

JavaScript incanyathiselwe usebenzisa i element, which can either embed inline code or reference an external file through the src attribute. Ngenxa yokuba iJavaScript inikezela-ithintelwa ngokungagqibekanga, abaphuhlisi abaninzi babeka iithegi zeskripthi ekupheleni komzimba okanye basebenzise i-defer okanye iimpawu ze-async ukuze umxholo weHTML unikeze ngaphambi kokuba izikripthi ziphunyezwe.

Uphawu loyelelwano loyelelwano luxelela umkhangeli zincwadi ukuba akhuphele umbhalo ngaphandle kokuthintela unikezelo kwaye awenze emva kokuba i-HTML yahlulwe ngokupheleleyo. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-async iphinda igweme ukuvala ngexesha lokukhuphela kodwa iqhuba iskripthi ngokukhawuleza ukuba ilungile, inokuphazamisa ukuhamba kwe-pase, enokuba yingxaki xa iskripthi sixhomekeke kwizinto ze-DOM ezichazwe kamva kuxwebhu.

I element, ebonakala kuphela entlokweni, ichaza i-URL yesiseko kunye nethagethi engagqibekanga yawo onke amakhonkco azalanayo. Ngokumisela uxelela umkhangeli zincwadi ukuba yonke iURL ezalanayo kwiphepha kufuneka isonjululwe ukusuka kuloo ngcambu kwaye, ngokukhetha, ivulwe kumxholo othile wokhangelo olufana nefestile entsha okanye isakhelo somgangatho ophezulu.

Nangona inokuba namandla, ineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ngakumbi kwii-ankile ezingaphakathi kwiphepha kunye neendlela zobutyebi ezizalanayo. Inye kuphela isiseko esivumelekileyo kuxwebhu ngalunye, kufuneka luvele phambi kwazo naziphi na ii-URL ezizalanayo, kwaye iguqula iiankile ezilula njengezicelo ezipheleleyo ze-URL enamaqhekeza ancanyatheliswe kwisiseko se href.

3. Umaleko womxholo obonakalayo: kunye noyilo lwesemantic

Yonke into abasebenzisi abayibonayo kwaye banxibelelane nobomi ngaphakathi isiqalelo. Kulapho ulungisa khona umxholo wakho ngezinto zesemantic ezichaza indima yecandelo ngalinye lephepha: ukukhangela, umxholo ophambili, amanqaku, iibar zecala, iifooter kunye nokunye.

I-HTML5 yazisa isethi yezinto zobeko lwesemantic ezithatha indawo yegeneric izitya kwiimeko ezininzi. Izinto ezifana , , , , , kwaye Chaza intsingiselo endaweni yenkangeleko nje, nto leyo inceda ubugcisa obuncedisayo kunye neenjini zokukhangela ukwakha imephu yengqondo yephepha lakho.

iqulathe umxholo wentshayelelo okanye ukhangelo lwephepha okanye kwicandelo elithile. Oku kunokubandakanya uphawu, isihloko sesayithi, imenyu yokuqala okanye isihloko seqhawe. Unokuba nesihloko senqanaba lephepha kufutshane nomphezulu womzimba, kunye neeheader ezongezelelweyo ngaphakathi kwamacandelo okanye amanqaku xa ufuna iintshayelelo.

inikezelwe kwiibhloko zokukhangela kwaye idla ngokusetyenziselwa iimenyu ezinkulu okanye amaqela amakhonkco abalulekileyo. Ungabeka ukhangelo oluphambili ngaphakathi kweheader, kodwa i-nav inokuvela kwenye indawo, umzekelo kwibar esecaleni okanye ezantsi, ukuba nje isetyenziselwa ukukhangela kwaye hayi ingqokelela yegeneric yamakhonkco angazalaniyo.

iphawula umxholo owodwa, osembindini wephepha kwaye kufuneka ivele kube kanye kuphela kuxwebhu ngalunye. Ngaphakathi ophambili uya kucwangcisa umxholo wakho usebenzisa iibhloko ezinemixholo, kwiziqwenga ezizimeleyo ezifana nezithuba zeblogi okanye izinto zeendaba, kunye ngolwazi olunxulumeneyo kodwa lwesibini olufana namanqaku asecaleni, iintengiso okanye ukukhangela okuhambelanayo.

Amacandelo, amanqaku, ii-sides kunye ne-footer

imele ibhloko yomxholo eyahlukileyo ngokwemixholo, edla ngokuba nesihloko sayo. Oku kunokuba sisahluko kwinqaku elide, ibhloko "yeeMpawu" kwiphepha lemveliso, okanye inxalenye yephepha lakho lasekhaya elifana ne "Testimonials" okanye "Amaxabiso". Amacandelo anceda ukwahlula amaxwebhu antsonkothileyo abe ziziqwengana ezisengqiqweni.

isetyenziselwa umxholo ozimele onokuzimela ngaphandle komxholo ongqongileyo. Imizekelo ibandakanya izithuba zeblogi, amangeno amaxwebhu, izimvo zabasebenzisi, amabali eendaba okanye imiyalezo yeforam. Inqaku lihlala libandakanya i-header yalo (enesihloko, umbhali kunye nomhla) kunye ne-footer (enethegi, ukwabelana ngamakhonkco okanye i-metadata).

igcinelwe umxholo onxibelelene ngokungxamisekileyo nokuhamba okuphambili, okufana neebar ezisecaleni, ukutsalwa kocaphulo, amakhonkco anxulumeneyo okanye iibhloko zentengiso. Ngenxa yokuba injongo yayo iyongezelela, abafundi besikrini kunye nezinye izixhobo banokuyiphatha ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye abasebenzisi banokwahlula ngokulula ibali eliphambili kwizinto ezongeziweyo zesibini.

ivela ekupheleni kwecandelo okanye emazantsi ephepha lilonke. Umphakamo wekhasi elisezantsi lidla ngokuba nezaziso zelungelo lokushicilela, iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano, ukukhangela okwesibini, amakhonkco asemthethweni okanye iikhredithi zesayithi, ngelixa inqaku elisezantsi linokuthi libambe i-bios yombhali, iindidi, imihla yohlaziyo okanye izithuba ezinxulumeneyo.

Ukuba bhetyebhetye kwezi zinto kuthetha ukuba ungazixuba kwaye uzibeke kwindlwane ukuze zihambelane noyilo lwakho, kodwa ukubambelela kwintsingiselo yazo kugcina iHTML yakho iphatheka kwaye iyaqondakala. Umzekelo, ungabeka ngokusemthethweni i-nav ngaphakathi kwesihloko okanye kwenye indawo emzimbeni, kodwa akufuneki usebenzise i-nav kwiiseti zekhonkco ezingeyonxalenye yokukhangela, okanye sebenzisa amaxesha amaninzi aphambili ngephepha ngalinye.

4. Uluhlu lwezihloko kunye nesakhiwo sombhalo

Izihloko zingumqolo wesakhiwo sakho somxholo, uchaza uluhlu lwezihloko kunye neesubtopics kulo lonke uxwebhu. I-HTML ibonelela ngamanqanaba amathandathu esihloko, ukusuka (okubaluleke kakhulu) ukuhla ukuya (okungenani kubaluleke kakhulu), kunye nendlela ozicwangcisa ngayo ichaphazela abafundi abangabantu kunye neenjini zokukhangela.

Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho enye echaza umxholo ophambili wephepha, ilandelwe ngu kumacandelo aphambili kunye - kumacandelwana anzulu. Xa izihloko ezibini zabelana ngenqanaba elifanayo, zimele amacandelo abazalanayo, ngelixa isihloko somgangatho osezantsi sazisa icandelwana elifakwe kwindlwana phakathi kwenqanaba eliphezulu langaphambili.

Imihlathi kunye neminye imixholo elandela isihloko yecandelo elichazwe kweso sihloko. Xa isihloko esitsha senqanaba elifanayo sibonakala, icandelo langaphambili lithathwa njengelivaliwe kwaye elitsha liqala. Olu lwakhiwo lufihliweyo lusetyenziswa bubuchwepheshe bokuncedisa ukwakha ulwandlalo abasebenzisi abanokuthi batsibe ngalo ngokukhawuleza.

Ukutsiba amanqanaba ngokungathandabuzekiyo-njengokutsiba ukusuka ku-h1 ngokuthe ngqo ukuya kwi-h4-kunokubhidanisa zombini izixhobo ezizenzekelayo kunye nabafundi. Isindululo esiqhelekileyo kukuhambisa inyathelo ngenyathelo kwi-hierarchy: ukusuka ku-h1 ukuya ku-h2 kumacandelwana, ngoko ngokuzikhethela ukuya ku-h3, njalo njalo, ukuhla kuphela kwinqanaba elinye ngexesha apho umxholo wokwakha unzulu.

Abakhangeli baqhele ukusebenzisa izimbo ezingagqibekanga kwizihloko: iisayizi ezinkulu zefonti, ubunzima obungqindilili kunye nezithuba ezithe nkqo ezongezelelweyo. Ezi zitayile zakhelwe ngaphakathi sele zenza ulwakhiwo lubonakale, kodwa unokulucokisa unikezelo ngeCSS ngelixa ugcina ubume be-semantic buqinile.

Imihlathi, izintlu kunye ne-inline semantics

Umxholo wombhalo oqhelekileyo ungena iziqalelo, ngasinye simele umhlathi owahlukileyo. Ukugcina ingcamango enye ephambili ngomhlathi kuphucula ukufundeka kunye nokuhambelana nendlela iteknoloji encedisayo evumela ngayo abasebenzisi ukuba bahambe ngeebhloko zombhalo.

Uluhlu olucwangcisiweyo ( ) kunye noluhlu olungacwangciswanga ( ) kunye izinto zilungele ulwazi oluqokelelweyo olunje ngamanyathelo, iimpawu okanye ii-FAQ. Uluhlu olucwangcisiweyo lugqithisa ulandelelwano okanye ukubaluleka, ngelixa izintlu ezingacwangciswanga zidibanisa nje izinto ezinxulumeneyo ngaphandle kokubonisa umyalelo; zombini ziluncedo kakhulu ekwakhiweni kweengcaciso ezinzima.

Iziqalelo zangaphakathi ezifana , , , kunye nezinye zityebisa umxholo ngaphandle kokwaphula ukuhamba komhlathi. inxibelelana ngokubaluleka okunamandla (kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ibonakala inesibindi), igxininisa okubhaliweyo (ihlala ikekelekile), kwaye yenza i-hyperlink edibanisa amaxwebhu kwindawo yakho yonke okanye kwimithombo yangaphandle.

Imifanekiso ene zithathwa njengeziqalelo endaweni yazo kwaye azisonge umxholo, kodwa zithatha inxaxheba kulwakhiwo lwesemantic ngeempawu ezifana ne-alt. Uphawu lwe-alt lubaluleke kakhulu ekufikelelekeni kunye ne-SEO, kuba ichaza umfanekiso kubasebenzisi abangenako ukuwubona kunye nokukhangela iinjini ezicazulula kuphela isicatshulwa.

Ukudibanisa inqanaba lebhlokhi kunye ne-inline element ngokucingayo kukuvumela ukuba uveze uluhlu lwemigangatho, ubudlelwane kunye nogxininiso nge-HTML, ushiya iinkcukacha ezibonakalayo ezinje ngemibala, iifonti kunye nezithuba kwi-CSS. Olu lwahlulo lweenkxalabo lugcina uphawu lwakho lucocekile kwaye lwenza utshintsho loyilo lube lula kamva.

5. Ukufikeleleka kunye nolwimi kwisakhiwo somxholo

Uxwebhu lweHTML olwakhiwe kakuhle alukho malunga nokujonga nje ukucoceka; yimfuneko yokufikeleleka. Abantu abaxhomekeke kwizifundi zesikrini, ukukhangela ibhodi yezitshixo okanye obunye ubuchwephesha obuncedisayo buxhomekeke kwisemantics yakho yeHTML ukuze uqonde kwaye uhambe kumxholo ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukubhengeza ulwimi loxwebhu nge lang kwi element lelinye lamanyathelo ofikelelo lokuqala. Xa ulwimi lucacileyo, abafundi besikrini bakhetha ukubiza amagama achanekileyo kunye nezichazi-magama, kunye nezixhobo zokuguqulela ezizenzekelayo ziphatha umxholo wakho ngokuchanekileyo kwingingqi kunye nezizwana.

Unokuphawula utshintsho lolwimi ngaphakathi komzimba usebenzisa i-lang kwizinto ezifana okanye . Xa isiqwenga sitshintshela kulwimi olwahlukileyo, ukuseta lang=”fr-CA” okanye lang=”pt-BR” kuloo snippet imiqondiso kwizixhobo ezincedisayo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-pronunciation kunye nemithetho yokufunda kufuneka itshintshe nje kweso sabelo.

Ngaphaya kolwimi, izihloko, iimpawu zomhlaba kunye nezicatshulwa ezizezinye zenza undoqo wesakhiwo esifikelelekayo. Uluhlu lwesihloko esicacileyo, ukusetyenziswa okuchanekileyo kwentloko, i-nav, i-header, i-footer, icandelo kunye necala, kunye neempawu ze-alt ezinentsingiselo kwimifanekiso, vumela ubugcisa obuncedisayo bakhe i-outline kunye nokubonelela ngokuhamba okuphawulekayo okufana "nokutsibela kumxholo oyintloko" okanye "ukuya kukhangelo".

Umbala kunye nesimbo esibonakalayo sodwa akufanele sibe yindlela yodwa yokudlulisa ulwazi olubalulekileyo. Ukwahlula okuphezulu, ubungakanani befonti efundekayo, amazwe agxininise kwizinto ezisebenzisanayo kunye neetekisi zekhonkco ezichazayo ezifana "Funda ngakumbi malunga nokuthintela umlilo" endaweni nje "Cofa apha" zonke ziyinxalenye yokwenza umxholo wakho ocwangcisiweyo usetyenziswe kubantu abaninzi ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukuqinisekisa iHTML yakho kunye nokusebenzisa iitshekhi zokufikeleleka usebenzisa izixhobo ezizenzekelayo kunye novavanyo lwezandla kunceda ukufumanisa imiba yesakhiwo kwangoko. Izixhobo zinokubona iimpawu ezilahlekileyo zealt, indlwane engasebenziyo, ulandelelwano lwesihloko olwaphukileyo okanye usetyenziso olungachanekanga lwendawo, zonke ezinokuthi zilungiswe ngokuthe ngqo kuphawu lwakho ngaphambi kokuba zichaphazele abasebenzisi bokwenyani.

6. Ukucwangcisa ubume bomxholo wewebhusayithi

Ngaphambi kokuba ubhale ithegi enye, ihlawula ukucwangcisa isakhiwo esinengqiqo kwindawo yakho kunye namaphepha. Ukucinga ngokwamacandelo, izinto eziphambili zolwazi kunye nokuhamba kokukhangela kukhokelela kwi-HTML ekulula ukuyigcina, ukwandisa kunye nokwandisa iinjini zokukhangela.

Isiqalo esiqhelekileyo kukuzoba imephu yesayithi okanye umzobo wesakhiwo sewebhusayithi. Oku kudla ngokuquka amaphepha akwinqanaba eliphezulu elinje ngeKhaya, Malunga, Iinkonzo, iBlog, uQhagamshelwano, kwaye emva koko nawaphi na amaphetshana okanye iindidi ezisuka kwezo, ezibonisa indlela abasebenzisi abaza kuzula ngayo phakathi kwabo.

Kwiphepha elinye, unokwenza imephu yesakhiwo sakho seHTML sexesha elizayo njengothotho lweebhloko zesemantic. Ngokomzekelo, unokuchaza iheader enelogo kunye ne-nav, indawo ephambili enamacandelo amaninzi (iqhawe, iimpawu, ubungqina, amaxabiso), indawo esecaleni kumxholo wesibini, kunye ne-footer equlethe ulwazi loqhagamshelwano kunye namakhonkco asemthethweni.

Ukwabela izihloko kwezo bhloko kwangethuba kugcina ulawulo lwakho lwe-h1-h6 luhambelana. Ugqiba kwangaphambili ukuba i-h1 enye iya kuba yintoni, ngawaphi amacandelo afanele izihloko ze-h2, kwaye apho izihlokwana ezinzulu ezifana no-h3 okanye u-h4 ziyimfuneko ukuchaza izihloko ezinzima ngaphandle kokugqithisa umfundi.

Ukususela kumbono we-SEO kunye ne-UX, kuhlakaniphile ukubeka umxholo ophambili kunye namacandelo abalulekileyo ngaphambili kwi-DOM. Iinjini zokukhangela zinika ingqwalasela engakumbi kumxholo okufutshane nomphezulu woxwebhu, kwaye abasebenzisi bayakuxabisa ukufumana ulwazi oluphambili ngokukhawuleza kunokuskrola ii-intro ezide ezidlulileyo okanye izinto zokuhombisa.

Iindlela ezilungileyo zogcino lwezakhiwo zeHTML

Sebenzisa amagama achazayo eklasi kunye ne-ID ukuleyibhelisha izinto zesakhiwo xa kuyimfuneko, kodwa uphephe ii-divs ezigqithisayo. Iiklasi ezifana .main-nav, .site-header okanye .sidebar ikuxelela ngokukrwaqula into eyenziwa licandelo, yenza iHTML yakho kunye neCSS kube lula ukufunda kwiinyanga kamva.

Gcina i-HTML yakho ithe tyaba kangangoko unakho ngelixa ubonakalisa ulawulo lokwenyani. Izikhongozeli ezifakwe kwindlwane enzulu ezifumaneka kuphela kwisitayile zinokutshintshwa yi-CSS ecingisisiweyo, nto leyo ekhokelela kuphawu olucocekileyo nolukhaphukhaphu ekulula ukuba wonke umntu asebenze nalo.

Isiqulatho esiyeleleneyo seqela ngaphakathi kweziqalelo zesemantic endaweni yokusisasaza ngaphaya kwephepha. Ngokomzekelo, isithuba seblogi kufuneka siphile ngaphakathi kwinqaku, kunye nesihloko sayo, umhla, umbhali kunye nomxholo kunye, ngelixa izithuba ezihambelanayo okanye i-bio yombhali ingahlala ecaleni okanye kwi-footer yenqaku, ihlukaniswe ngokucacileyo kwinkcazo eyintloko.

Phinda ujonge isakhiwo sakho nanini na wandisa iphepha okanye uyila ngokutsha icandelo. Kulula kumaxwebhu e-HTML ukuba aqokelele i-wrappers enye kunye nezinto ze-ad-hoc ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngoko ke ukuphinda kuhlaziywe kwakhona kwimilo ye-semantic ehambelanayo kuhlawula kugcino, ukusebenza kunye nokufikeleleka.

Ukubhala iipateni zakho zesakhiwo-ezifana nendlela owakha ngayo iiheader, amacandelo, amanqaku kunye nefooter-inceda ukugcina amaqela amakhulu angatshintshi. Isikhokelo esincinci sangaphakathi esichaza ukuba zeziphi izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukuhamba, indlela yokulungelelanisa izihloko kunye nendlela yokumakisha amacandelo aphindaphindiweyo kunokuthintela i-codebase yakho ukuba iguquke ibe yi-patchwork yesakhiwo.

7. Iipateni zesakhiwo ezisebenzayo kwiintlobo zephepha eziqhelekileyo

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zamaphepha zikholisa ukwabelana ngeepateni zesakhiwo onokuthi uphinde uzisebenzise kwaye uzilungelelanise kuzo zonke iiprojekthi. Ukuqaphela ezi patheni kuya kukunceda uyile izakhiwo zomxholo eziziva ziyindalo kubasebenzisi kwaye zilula ukuphumeza kwi-HTML.

Iphepha lasekhaya eliqhelekileyo linokuqala ngehlabathi jikelele equlethe uphawu kunye neprayimari . Oku kudla ngokulandelwa ngu a ngezininzi iibhloko: icandelo lamaqhawe kunye ne-h1 kunye nobizo-esenzweni, icandelo leempawu, mhlawumbi icandelo lobungqina, kunye necandelo lokugqibela elimema abasebenzisi ukuba baqhagamshelane okanye babhalise.

Ngezantsi komxholo ophambili, a ihlala ibonelela ngolwazi lwehlabathi kunye nokukhangela okongeziweyo. Unxulumaniso nemigaqo-nkqubo yabucala, imigaqo yenkonzo, iinketho zoqhagamshelwano, iinethiwekhi zentlalo kunye neemenyu eziziisekondari zihlala apha, zibenza kube lula ukuzifumana ngaphandle kokuphazamisa kumxholo wokuqala ongentla.

Iphepha leposi lebhlog ngumgqatswa ogqibeleleyo we isiqalelo. Inqaku lidla ngokuqulatha i-header yalo kunye nesihloko seposi (ihlala i-h1 yephepha), umhla wokupapashwa kunye neenkcukacha zombhali, ezilandelwa ngumzimba weposti, ziqhekezwe zibe ngamacandelo anezihloko ze-h2 / h3, kwaye ekugqibeleni inqaku elisezantsi eliqulethe iithegi, amaqhosha okwabelana okanye amakhonkco omxholo ohambelanayo.

Imivalo yecala okanye iipaneli ezizisekondari zimelwe ngokwemvelo izinto. Basenokubandakanya uluhlu lwezithuba zamva nje, izihluzi zodidi, iifomu zokubhalisela incwadana yeendaba okanye uncedo lomxholo. Kuba ecaleni kuphawulwe ngokwesemantiki njengomxholo ohambelanayo, iitekhnoloji ezincedisayo zinokubonisa oko kubasebenzisi.

Amaphepha oqhagamshelwano kunye namaphepha eenkonzo aphinda asebenzise iibhloko zokwakha ezifanayo kodwa agxininise ukucaca kunye nokulula ukusebenzisana. Izihloko ezicacileyo, imihlathi emifutshane, ulawulo lweefomu ezibhalwe ngokufanelekileyo kunye nomyalelo wokufunda osengqiqweni uqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzisi banokufumana indlela yokufikelela kuwe okanye baqonde isinikezelo sakho ngaphandle kokuqikelela.

8. Iimpawu ze-HTML, iimpawu kunye nendima yazo kwisakhiwo

Ngaphantsi kwazo zonke ezi patheni, yonke into ekwi-HTML ibilisa kwizinto, iithegi kunye neempawu. Ukuqonda indlela abasebenza ngayo kunye kukunika ulawulo olululo kumxholo wakho, iihokhi zokubonisa kunye nokuziphatha.

Into ye-HTML yenziwe ngethegi yokuvula, iimpawu ezikhethwayo, umxholo othile kwaye, kwiimeko ezininzi, ithegi yokuvala. Umzekelo, Lo ngumhlathi. iquka ithegi yokuqalisa , indawo yombhalo, kunye nethegi yokuphela , zonke xa zidibene zimele isiqalelo somhlathi.

Iimpawu zivela ngaphakathi kwethegi yokuvula kwaye zinike ulwazi olongezelelweyo malunga nesici. Ziza njengegama=”ixabiso” ngababini, njengeklasi=”highlight”, id=”intro” okanye href="/contact”. Ezinye iimpawu zezehlabathi kwaye zinokuvela kuyo nayiphi na into (efana neklasi, id, lang), ngelixa ezinye zithe ngqo kwiithegi ezithile (ezifana ne-src ye-img okanye uhlobo longeniso).

Iiklasi zibaluleke kakhulu kulwakhiwo kunye nesimbo samaxwebhu amakhulu. Ngokwabela iklasi enye kwizinto ezininzi-zithi, iklasi = "ibalulekile" -ungasebenzisa imigaqo ye-CSS eqhelekileyo okanye ujolise kuyo kwiJavaScript, ukugcina isakhiwo sakho sibhetyebhetye ngelixa sisalawuleka.

Ayizizo zonke izinto ezifuna iithegi zokuvala; ezinye izinto ezingenanto (ezingenanto) ezingenamxholo. Izinto ezifana , , kwaye iwela kolu didi. Basathatha inxaxheba kulwakhiwo lwakho, kodwa kuphela ngeempawu zabo, kuba bengasongi nasiphi na isicatshulwa sangaphakathi okanye abantwana.

I-World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) igcina ingcaciso echaza indlela zonke ezi zinto kunye neempawu ezisebenza ngayo kunye. Ukulandela loo migangatho igcina amaphepha akho esebenzisana kuzo zonke iiphequluli kunye nezixhobo, kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba ulwakhiwo lwakho lomxholo oluyilwe ngononophelo luziphatha ngokuqikelelekayo kumtyeleli ngamnye.

Ukubeka konke oku kukwenza kuthetha ukuphatha i-HTML njengomqolo we-semantic wesayithi lakho: ulwandlalo loxwebhu olucacileyo, ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwezihloko, ukwakheka okucingayo kunye nentloko, icandelo, inqaku, ecaleni kunye ne-footer, i-metadata efumanekayo entlokweni kunye neempawu ezinentsingiselo kuyo yonke into ngokudibeneyo yenza umxholo wakho ube lula ukufundeka, ukuhamba kunye nokubeka kakuhle kwiinjini zokukhangela.